A team of Chinese astronomers and astrophysicists has recently identified a unique binary star system, featuring a rare combination: a millisecond pulsar paired with a companion star primarily composed of helium. This discovery adds a new layer to our understanding of stellar evolution and compact binary systems.
A binary star system consists of two stars gravitationally bound to each other, orbiting a shared center of mass known as the barycenter. These stars can differ in mass, brightness, and size. The larger is called the primary star, and the smaller, the companion. While many stars in the night sky appear as doubles, not all are true binaries—some are optical doubles, appearing close together from Earth but unrelated in space.
Roughly 85% of stars are part of binary or multi-star systems. Some binaries include stellar remnants—white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes. In close binaries, stars may even exchange material, leading to dramatic stellar interactions.
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