1- Geomorphology
: Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of
the earth’s crust; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth?s interior;
Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building;
Vulcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development ;
Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; Applied Geomorphology:
Geohydrology, economic geology and environment.
2- Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth;
Atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and
jet streams; Air masses and fronto genesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of
precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewar tha’s classification of world
climates; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes,
Applied climatology and Urban climate.
3- Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and
salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine
resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs, coral bleaching; sea-level changes; law of
the sea and marine pollution.
4- Biogeography : Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil
erosion, Degradation and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals;
Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry; agro-forestry; Wild life; Major
gene pool centres.
5- Environmental Geography : Principle of ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man
on ecology and environment ; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their
management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation; Biodiversity and
sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures;
Environmental education and legislation.
Human Geography
1- Perspectives in
Human Geography : Areal differentiation; regional synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism;
Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; radical, behavioural, human and
welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human
development index.
2- Economic Geography : World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and
their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural
regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutrition problems; Food security; famine:
causes, effects and remedies; World industries: locational patterns and problems; patterns of world
trade.
3- Population and Settlement Geography : Growth and distribution of world population; demographic
attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; concepts of over – under-and optimum population;
Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life;
Population as social capital.
Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of urban
settlements; Urban morphology: Concepts of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification of
towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural – urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of
urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.
4- Regional Planning : Concept of a region; types of regions and methods of regionalisation;
growth centres and growth poles; regional imbalances; environmental issues in regional planning;
planning for sustainable development.
5- Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography : System analysis in Human Geography; Malthusian,
Marxian and Demographic Transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch; Von Thunen’s
model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location; Rostov?s model of stages of
growth. Heart-land and Rimland theories; laws of international boundaries and frontiers.
PAPER-II
Geography Of India
1- Physical
Setting: Space relationship of India with neighboring countries; Structure and relief; Drainage
system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns,
Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation;
Soil types and their distributions.
2- Resources: Land, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources;
Forest and wild life resources and their conservation; Energy crisis.
3- Agriculture: Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors:
land holdings, land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural
intensity, crop combination, land capability; Agro and social forestry; Green revolution and its
socioeconomic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white
revolution; aqua – culture; sericulture, apiculture and poultry; agricultural regionalisation;
agro-climatic zones; agro- ecological regions.
4- Industry : Evolution of industries ; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and
steel, aluminium, fertilizer, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and agro-based
industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings; Industrial
regionalisation; New industrial policies; Multinationals and liberalization; Special Economic Zones;
Tourism including eco -tourism.
5- Transport, Communication and Trade: Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline networks and
their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign
trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export processing zones; Developments in communication and
information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme.
6- Cultural Setting: Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial, linguistic and ethnic
diversities; religious minorities; major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; cultural regions;
Growth, distribution and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure,
literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, intra- regional and
international) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators.
7- Settlements: Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments;
Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities ; Conurbations and metropolitan
regions; urban sprawl; Slums and associated problems; town planning; Problems of urbanization and
remedies.
8- Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans;
Integrated rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; Command area
development; Watershed management; Planning for backward area ,desert , drought prone, hill, tribal area
development; multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island territories.
9- Political Aspects: Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of
new states; Regional consciousness and interstate issues; international boundary of India and related
issues; Cross border terrorism; India?s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian
Ocean realm.
10- Contemporary Issues: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides earth quakes ,
Tsunamis , floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues relating to environmental pollution; Changes in
patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management;
Population explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and
soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development ;
Concept of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation
and Indian economy.
भूगोल IAS मुख्य परीक्षा में GS पेपर I का हिस्सा है। जीएस भूगोल के लिए पाठ्यक्रम नीचे दिया गया
है :
दक्षिण एशिया और भारतीय उप-महाद्वीप सहित दुनिया भर में प्रमुख प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का वितरण; भारत सहित
दुनिया के विभिन्न हिस्सों में प्राथमिक, माध्यमिक और तृतीयक क्षेत्र के उद्योगों के स्थान के लिए जिम्मेदार
कारक
महत्वपूर्ण भूभौतिकीय घटनाएं जैसे भूकंप, सुनामी, ज्वालामुखी गतिविधि, चक्रवात आदि, भौगोलिक विशेषताएं और
उनका स्थान- महत्वपूर्ण भौगोलिक विशेषताओं में परिवर्तन (जल-पिंड और बर्फ-कैप सहित) और वनस्पतियों और जीवों
में और ऐसे परिवर्तनों के प्रभाव।
दुनिया की भौतिक भूगोल (भू-आकृति विज्ञान, जलवायु विज्ञान, समुद्र विज्ञान, जीवनी और पर्यावरण भूगोल) की
प्रमुख विशेषताएं
भू-आकृति विज्ञान – पृथ्वी का इंटीरियर, टेक्टोनिक्स, भौतिक घटना, पर्वत निर्माण, ज्वालामुखी, भूकंप, अपक्षय
और कटाव, चट्टानें, भू-आकृतियाँ
जलवायु विज्ञान – वातावरण, तापमान वितरण, जेट स्ट्रीम, दबाव और पवन प्रणाली, एयरमास, मोर्च, चक्रवात,
आर्द्रता, वर्षा, भौगोलिक घटना, दुनिया के जलवायु क्षेत्र
समुद्र विज्ञान – महासागर राहत, तापमान वितरण, महासागरीय धाराएं, लवणता, प्रवाल विरंजन, समुद्री प्रदूषण,
समुद्र स्तर में परिवर्तन, संयुक्त राष्ट्र के कानून, आदि।
जीवनी – मृदा प्रोफ़ाइल, क्षरण, संरक्षण), जीवनी क्षेत्र, वनों की कटाई और संरक्षण, महत्वपूर्ण भौगोलिक
विशेषताओं में परिवर्तन, पर्यावरण प्रदूषण
भूगोल में कुछ विषयों में पर्यावरण का अच्छा ओवरलैप है। जी ईपीएससी यूपीएससी पाठ्यक्रम काफी व्यापक है, जैसा
कि आप ऊपर से देख सकते हैं। जहां तक यूपीएससी की बात है तो यह एक महत्वपूर्ण विषय है और हर साल यूपीएससी
के लिए भूगोल के पाठ्यक्रम से कई प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं।
यूपीएससी मेन्स के लिए भूगोल वैकल्पिक पाठ्यक्रम
यूपीएससी भूगोल वैकल्पिक पाठ्यक्रम पीडीएफ: –सिलेबस पीडीएफ डाउनलोड करें
UPSC वैकल्पिक विषय सूची में कुल 48 विषय हैं, जिनमें से एक भूगोल है। इस विषय के लिए वैकल्पिक पाठ्यक्रम
में सामान्य अध्ययन के साथ एक बड़ा ओवरलैप है। यह मेन्स परीक्षा में सबसे लोकप्रिय वैकल्पिक विषयों में से
एक है। इस विषय में शामिल विषय भौतिक और मानव भूगोल, आर्थिक भूगोल और भारत के भूगोल से संबंधित
हैं।
यूपीएससी में वैकल्पिक विषय के रूप में भूगोल चुनने वाले अभ्यर्थियों को अक्सर पाठ्यक्रम बड़ा लगता है।
पाठ्यक्रम में शामिल विषयों की बड़ी संख्या के बावजूद, विषय सामग्री की व्यापक उपलब्धता और मेन्स परीक्षा
में इसकी लोकप्रियता के कारण तैयार करना अपेक्षाकृत आसान है। इसके अलावा, भूगोल पाठ्यक्रम के एक बड़े हिस्से
को सामान्य अध्ययन की तैयारी के दौरान कवर किया जा सकता है। इस लेख में, हम आपको भूगोल वैकल्पिक और यूपीएससी
भूगोल वैकल्पिक पाठ्यक्रम पाठ्यक्रम पीडीएफ के लिए विस्तृत यूपीएससी पाठ्यक्रम प्रदान करते हैं ।
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For a detailed syllabus in Hindi Click Here
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