1- Sources : Archaeological sources:
Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments.
Literary sources:
Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature, literature, literature in regional
languages, religious literature.
Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.
2- Pre-history and Proto-history: : Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (Paleolithic and
Mesolithic); Beginning of agriculture (Neolithic and chalcolithic).
3- Indus Valley Civilization: Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus,
Development of community life, Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron
industry.
4- Megalithic Cultures: Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus,
Development of community life, Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron
industry.
5- Aryans and Vedic Period: Expansions of Aryans in India:
Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literature; Transformation from Rig Vedic period to the later
Vedic period; Political, social and economic life; Significance of the Vedic Age; Evolution of Monarchy
and Varna system.
6- Period of Mahajanapadas : Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and monarchies; Rise
of urban centres; Trade routes; Economic growth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism and Buddism;
Rise of
Magadha and Nandas.
Iranian and Mecedonian invasions and their impact.
7- Mauryan Empire: Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra;
Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; Edicts; Polity, Administration, Economy; Art, architecture and sculpture;
External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion; Literature.
Disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas.
8- Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas) : Contact with outside
world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions,
art, architecture, culture, literature and science.
9- Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India: Kharavela, The Satavahanas,
Tamil States of the Sangam Age; Administration, Economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban
centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam literature and culture; Art and architecture.
10- Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas: Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage of
the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, Caste system, Position of women,
Education and educational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, Literature, scientific
literature, art and architecture.
11- Regional States during Gupta Era:The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polity and
Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakit
movement, Shankaracharya;
Vedanta; Institutions of temple and temple architecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity
and administration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind; Alberuni, The Chaluky as of Kalyana,
Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government; Growth of art and architecture,
religious sects, Institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy and
society.
12- Themes in Early Indian Cultural History: Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution
of art and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools, ideas in Science and
Mathematics.
13- Early Medieval India, 750-1200: — Polity: Major political developments in Northern India and
the peninsula, origin and the rise of Rajputs.
— The Cholas: administration, village economy and society “Indian Feudalism”.
— Agrarian economy and urban settlements.
— Trade and commerce.
— Society: the status of the Brahman and the new social order.
— Condition of women.
— Indian science and technology.
14- Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200: — Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja
and Vishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa.
— Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional cult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its
arrival in India, Sufism.
— Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil literature, literature in the newly developing
languages, Kalhan’s Rajtarangini, Alberuni’s India.
— Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture, painting.
15- The Thirteenth Century: — Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurian invasions –
factors behind Ghurian success.
— Economic, Social and cultural consequences.
— Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans.
— Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmish and Balban.
16- The Fourteenth Century: — “The Khalji Revolution”.
— Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion, agrarian and economic measure.
— Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures, bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq.
— Firuz Tugluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civil engineering and public works, decline of the
Sultanate, foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta’s account.
17- Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: — Society:
composition of rural society, ruling classes, town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste and slavery
under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sufi movement.
— Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of North India, literaute in the
languages of South India, Sultanate architecture and new structural forms, painting,
evolution of a composite culture.
— Economy: Agricultural Production, rise of urban economy and non-agricultural production, trade and
commerce.
18- The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century-Political Developments and Economy: — Rise of
Provincial Dynasties : Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat.
— Malwa, Bahmanids.
— The Vijayanagara Empire.
— Lodis.
— Mughal Empire, first phase : Babur, Humayun.
— The Sur Empire : Sher Shah’s administration.
— Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti and Sufi Movements.
19- The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century- Society and culture:— Regional cultures
specificities.
— Literary traditions.
— Provincial architectural.
— Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.
20- Akbar:— Conquests and consolidation of empire.
— Establishment of jagir and mansab systems.
— Rajput policy.
— Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy.
— Court patronage of art and technology.
21- Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century:— Major administrative policies of Jahangir,
Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.
— The Empire and the Zamindars.
— Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.
— Nature of the Mughal State.
— Late Seventeenth Century crisis and the revolts.
— The Ahom kingdom.
— Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom.
22- Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries: — Population Agricultural and craft
production.
— Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies : a trade revolution.
— Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems.
— Conditions of peasants, Condition of Women.
— Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth.
23- Culture during Mughal Empire:— Persian histories and other literature.
— Hindi and religious literatures.
— Mughal architecture.
— Mughal painting.
— Provincial architecture and painting.
— Classical music.
— Science and technology.
24- The Eighteenth Century:— Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire.
— The regional principalities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal, Awadh.
— Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas.
— The Maratha fiscal and financial system.
— Emergence of Afghan power Battle of Panipat, 1761.
— State of, political, cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest.
